Traditionally speaking, especially through the lens of Christianity and Islam, it is believed that you are born once and you die once, and when you die, you either go to heaven or hell, depending on how you lived your life. This, however, is not the case when we come to the Indian religions.
Since rebirth has been an underlying belief of most of the philosophical/religious schools that originated in India, it is assumed that every creature dies and takes birth multiple times. Here, God does not send you to heaven or hell. Instead, your karma, or actions, decide where you will end up.
One can still relate the concept of good life as heaven and bad life as hell, but the key difference is that it is temporary. You have good karma, you go to a good place, where, once again, you will need to have good karma. The cycle goes on. Conversely, the consequences of bad karma will again be temporary and you will get another opportunity to improve your position. There is no concept of eternity when it comes to going into heaven or hell.
So, the question arises: who decides whether your karma is good or bad?
The answer is slightly tricky. Certainly God does not decide this. In India, different communities and traditions have their own man-made rules. For instance, according to some, if you practise ahimsa, non-violence, you go to heaven. But in many Hindu epics, such as Ramayana and Mahabharata, we learn that you can go to heaven even if you are involved in wars. Hence, the answer varies depending upon whom you ask this question.
Reference books:
Kalampedia 